Bagpipe-chanter.



H. STARCK.

BAGPIPE CHANTBR.

APPLIOATION FILED 001301909.

Patented Aug. 5, 1913. I

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H. STARCK. BAGPIPE 'GHANTER. APPLICATION FILED 001 .30, 1909.

Patented Aug. 5, 1913.

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UNITED STATES PATEN T OFFTQE.

HENRY STAROK, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

BAGPIPE-CHANTER.

Application filed October 30, 1909.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, HENRY STARCK, a subject of His Majesty the King of England, residing at 31 Drummond Crescent, Euston Road, London, N. Wk, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Bagpipe-Chanters, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in wood and like wind musical instruments relating more particularly to bag-pipe chanters.

The principal object of this invention is to provide a chanter with an increased compass, throughout which the whole of the notes are pitched in true relation with each other, and one which enables the performer to play, and without cross-fingering, in either major or minor keys; an attainment, so far as I am aware, not heretofore accom plished in a bag-pipe chanter.

A further object is to provide a new wood and like wind instrument suitable for or chestral and other purposes.

The present ordinary Scotch ehanter has in front seven holes along its length, one hole at the back and two vent-holes on either side at the bottom of the chanter, and enables the notes G, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, A, to be produced, but imperfectly only, according as all or some only of the holes are stopped by the fingers.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing in which- Figure 1 is an elevation of a three-keyed chanter arranged for natural fingering in the scale of A major and with a chart to the manipulation thereof. Fig. 2 is a similar view of the instrument shown in Fig. 1 with additional keys for increasing and completing the compass to Oh with a chart to the manipulation of the additional keys, and Fig. 3 is a similar view showing the instrument illustrated in Fig. 2 adapted for natural fingering in the scale of C major, with a chart to the manipulation of the keys not included in that scale.

Referring to Fig. 1, I arrange the present back note-hole of the ordinary Scotch chanter in the front and provide a normally closed key 1, adapted to be opened by the first finger of the left hand, the hole being of such a size and in such a position as to give the upper A in the treble clef. The present first front note-hole of the ordinary Scotch chanter, I arrange at the back as shown in Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 5,1913.

Serial No. 525,426.

dotted lines at 2. The position and size of the back hole 2 may be varied so as to give either a tone or a semitone below the A key, that is to say either the upper G or G#. The back hole 2 is covered in the usual way by the thumb of the left hand. The following front note-holes 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, down the scale, are covered respectively by the first, second and third fingers of the left hand and the first, second and third fingers of the right hand. The position and size of the note hole 8 are adapted to give the octave note A from the key 1 and the holes 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are adapted to give the desired tone and semi-tones in the octave in the desired scale. Since the instrument as shown in this figure is arranged for natural fingering in the scale of A major, the back hole 2 is adapted to give Gt", the note-hole 3, Fit, the note-hole 4, Eli, the note-hole 5, DH, the note-hole 6, 0%, the note-hole 7, B11, and the note-hole 8, Ah, while when all the note-holes and the key 1 are closed the instrument will produce the note Gt. 1 may, however, increase the compass by two notes down the scale by the addition of two normally-o on keys 9 and 10 adapted to be closed by t e fourth finger of the right hand. In the instrument shown in the figure, the position and size of the hole of the key 9 are arranged to produce the note Git, and the hole of'the key 10, F#, the instrument with all note-holes and keys closed, being adapted to produce the lower E13. 1 may also increase the compass of the instrument above the key 1 up to the upper C#, by the addition of further keys adapted to be operated by the thumb and first finger of the left hand. For instance as shown in Fig. 2, the upper Bk may be produced by a hole normally closed by a key 11 adapted to be opened by the thumb of the left hand, and Cit, by a hole normally closed by a key 12 adapted to be opened by the second joint of the first finger of the left hand, thus providing the instrument with a compass in the scale of A major extending from the lower Eh to the upper Ct.

It is obvious that, if desired, the position of the keys 11 and 12 relatively to the center line of the instrument and operation thereof may be reversed, that is to say Cit might be played by the thumb and Bl; by the first finger of the left hand.

Such an instrument may be adapted to produce all the tones and semit0nes within the same compass by the further addition of the following keys down the scale. The upper Ch by a normally closed key 13 adapted to be opened to produce this note by the second joint of the first finger of the left hand; Al? by a normally closed key 14 adapted to be opened by the thumb of the left hand; GB, by a normally closed key 15 adapted to be opened by the first finger or, it may by the second finger of the left hand; ht by a normally closed key 16 adapted to be opened by the second oint of the first finger of the right hand, or, it may be, by the third finger of the left hand; D 3y a normally closed key 17 adapted to be opened by preferably the second joint of the first finger of the right hand; the lower Ct by a normally closed key 18 adapted to be opened by the second finger of the right hand; the lower At by a normally closed key 19 adapted to be opened by the third finger of the right hand; the lower Gli by a normally closed key 20 adapted to be opened by the fourth finger of the left hand, and the lower Fl} by a normally closed key 21 adapted to be opened also by the fourth finger of the left hand. Thus all the tones and semi-tones from the lower Eh to the upper C13, may be produced by means of six front note-holes, one back note-hole and fourteen keys, pitched in true relation to each other and without cross fingering.

Such an instrument may be adapted for natural fingering in any desired key, as C major for instance, as shown in Fig. 3. Referring to the keys and note-holes down the scale, the upper Cd key 12, Ch key 13, Bl; key 11, Al key 14:, and Ali key 1, .remain unaltered; a G key 22 is substituted for the Ga key 15, and the back note-hole 2 is altered so as to produce Gt instead of G#; the position of the Fl; key 16 is altered for the production of Fil to the position shown at 23; the position and size of the first front note-hole 3 are altered so as to produce FE instead of 1% as shown at 2 1; the front note holes 41 and 5 remain unaltered; the position of the normally closed Ch key 18 is altered to the position shown at 25 for the production Clil and is adapted to be opened by the fourth finger of the left hand; the position and size of the note-hole 6 is altered for the production of Ch instead of Cfi as shown at 26; the notehole 7, the A11 key 19 and the note-hole 8, remain unaltered; while the positions of the Gfi and Pi keys 9 and 10, and of the Glq and Ft keys 20 and 21, with respect to the center line of the instrument, are interchanged as shown so that GL1 and Flq keys 20, 21, can be opened by the fourth finger of the right hand, and the Gfi and F# keys 9 and 10 by the fourth finger of the left hand.

It will be understood that where reference has been made to the position of a note key, the size of the key-hole is also in a wellknown manner a determining factor.

It is obvious that a mouth piece 27 as shown in Fig. 3 may be added if desired.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desired to secure by Letters Patent of the United States of America is 1. A chanter having the hole for the upper A in the treble clef at the front, a pivotally mounted key, said key normally closing said hole, said ehanter having a hole below the hole aforesaid and situated at the back thereof and six following holes at the front.

2. A chanter having the hole for the upper A in the treble clef at the front, a pivotally mounted key, said key normally closing said hole, said chanter having a hole below the hole aforesaid and situated at the back thereof, six following holes at the front and two supplementary holes below the siX holes aforesaid, keys over the supplementary holes, and means for normally retaining said keys in the open position.

3. A chanter having the hole for the upper A in the treble clef at the front, a pivotally mounted key, said key normally closing said hole, said chanter having hole below the hole aforesaid and situated at the back thereof, six following holes at the front and two supplementary holes below the six holes aforesaid, keys over the supplementary holes, and means for normally retaining said keys in the open position, and means for increasing the compass of the chanter above the upper A of the treble clef, comprising holes above the hole for the upper A aforesaid, and corresponding keys, said keys normally closing said holes and being opened by the thumb and first finger of the left hand.

4. A chanter having the hole for the upper A in the treble clef at the front, a pivotally mounted key, said key normally closing said hole, said chanter having a hole below the hole aforesaid and situated at the back thereof six following holes at the front and two supplementary holes below the six holes aforesaid, keys over the supplementary holes, and means for normally retaining said keys in the open position, means for increasing the compass of the chanter above the upper A of the treble clef and means for increasing the compass of the chanter below the lower E in the treble clef comprising a hole below the hole for the lower E aforesaid, and a normally closed key, said key covering the hole below the lower E and being opened by the fourth finger of the left hand 5. A chanter having the hole for the upper A in the treble clef at the front, a pivotally mounted key, said key normally closing said hole, said chanter having a hole below the hole aforesaid and situated at the back thereof siX following holes at the front and two supplementary holes below the six holes aforesaid, keys over the supplementary holes, and means for normally retaining said keys in the open position, means for increasing the compass of the chanter above the upper A of the treble clef, means for increasing the compass of the chanter below the lower E of the treble clef, and means for obtaining all the tones and semi-tones within said increased compass comprising additional holes, and normally closed keys, said keys covering said holes and being opened by the second, third and fourth fingers of the left hand and the 15 HENRY STARCK.

Witnesses:

A. W. BARNES, F. EvELsoN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, I). G. 

